Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing significance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Th

Lead selenide nanoparticle dots (QDs) are a type of II-VI nanostructure that exhibit exceptional optical and electronic properties. Their synthesis typically involves solution methods, allowing for precise control over size and shape. The unique size-dependent nature of these QDs leads to a strong dependence of their band gap on diameter, resulting